Rodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. In other words, instead of one giant HAL brain, he might build a swarm of small robots that use trial-and-error to develop intelligence. And it works.
Brooks realized that a top-down approach -- just building the biggest brain possible and teaching it everything we could think of -- would never work. What would work is a robot who learns like we do, by trial-and-error, and with many separate parts that learn separate jobs. The thesis of his work is captured in a paper that went on to become the title of the great Errol Morris documentary on Brooks and three others: Fast, Cheap and Out of Control.
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